• Print
• Email

OUR AUTHORS

ABDUSSELAM TEPE – Postgraduate student Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, General Director of Sellona LLC, Moscow, Russia.

ALEKHINA A.P. – Bachelor of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.

ASSI ABED EL RAHIM – Graduate student, Khetagurov North Ossetian State Universit, Vladikavkaz, Russia.

BOLOTIN M.S. – Professor of History of the Ivanteevsky branch of the Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia.

BOLTENKOVA L.F. – Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia.

BORISOVА E.V. – Lecturer of the ChU "Crimean College of Economics and Law "; graduate student of Krymsky Engineering and Pedagogical University them. Fevzi Yakubova, Simferopol, Russia.

BUTOROV A.S. – PhD in History, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

BUTOROVA O.M. – Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

DANILOV V.A. – PhD in History, associate professor of RUDN University, the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

DANILOVA E.V. – PhD in History, associate professor of RUDN University, the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

DAHO A.A. – Candidate of the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences of the Department of History of the Integrated Research Institute named after H.I. Ibragimov of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

EGEMBERDYEV A.K. – Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

ENDRYUSHKO A.A. – Junior Research Fellow of the Center for the Study Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia.

GADZHIEV M.M. – Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences of Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia.

GONCHAROV A.S. – Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

GUDIMENKO D.V. – Candidate of Sciences (history), senior researcher of the Sector of political theory, IMEMO RAS, Moscow, Russia.

KHROMOVA A.V. – Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

KULUMBEGOVA L.T. – Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia.

MAKAROVA O.S. – Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

MALSAGOV R.A. – Postgraduate student of the Department of History socio-political doctrines of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Russia, Moscow.

PETROVICH-BELKIN O.K. – PhD in History, associate professor at the Department of theory and history of international relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.

PIKALOV D.V. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

PIKALOVA V.S. – Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia.

PLIEV S.M. – Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia.

RAIMOV R.I. – PhD student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia.

SADULAEV E.S. – Intern Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

SANAKOEV I.B. – Ph.D., Professor of the Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia.

SEMENOV V.V. – Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.

SHADYSHKOV A.A. – Post-graduate student of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

SHANGARAEV R.N. – Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SHAVLAEVA T.M. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

SIDOROVA G.M. – Doctor of Political Science, Professor of the Department of Diplomacy and Consular Service of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SITDIKOV A.M. – Master's student of the Department of History of Russia Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

SMOLIK N.G. – Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN, Moscow, Russia.

STOLYAROV A.V. – Graduate student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia.

SYZDYKOVA Zh.S. – Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia.

TESAEV Z.A. – Senior Researcher at the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

TUSHKOV A.A. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.

WANG BO – Graduate student, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus.

ZHANG ZIXUAN – Postgraduate student studying political regionalism and ethnopolitics at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, China.

ZHIVOTOVA D.A. – Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia.

• Print
• Email

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 10 (79), 2021

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Raimov R.I., Syzdykova Zh.S. Jadidism and Basmatism: Trends and Contradictions
• Shavlaeva T.M., Daho A.A., TESAEV Z.A., SADULAEV E.S. On the Issue of Studying the Achkhoyevo-Bamut Mountain-Wooded Zone of the Chechen Republic (Based on the Materials of the Historical and Ethnographic Expedition)
• Gudimenko D.V. Nationalism in the Contemporary World: Typologization and Ways of Manifestation
• Bolotin M.S. Historiography of Political Investigation in the Russian Empire 1881-1917
• Borisovа E.V. Problems of Forestry in the Crimea During the Establishment of the Soviet Power in November 1920
• Malsagov R.A. Religious Factor in Social and Political Life of Modern Society: Secularization and Desecularization
• Stolyarov A.V. The Activity of the CPSU(B) in the Middle Volga Region in the "Pre-Collective Farm" Period: A Historiographical Review of the 1920s-1930s.)
• Shadyshkov A.A. Labor Activity of the Peasantry Middle Volga Region in the Period of Developed Socialism: A Historiographical View

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Thirteen)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Danilov V.A., Danilova E.V. Transformation of the Russian and Chinese Vector of Transatlantic Cooperation at the Present Stage
• Assi Abed El Rahim. Definition of the Political Image

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

• Gadzhiev M.M. The Main Factors in the Formation of Ethno-Politics in the North Caucasus Region: Historical Continuity and Modern Implementation

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Tushkov A.A., Alekhina A.P., Zhivotova D.A. Southeast Asia in the Context of the Global Challenge of VUKA – World: The Problem of Inclusivity or a Tool of Western Technologies?
• Sidorova G.M., Shangaraev R.N. Features of the Development of the African Vector of Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy
• Pliev S.M., Kulumbegova L.T., Sanakoev I.B., Smolik N.G. Soft Power as a New System for the Implementation of Foreign Policy Interests
• Pikalov D.V., Pikalova V.S., Makarova O.S., Goncharov A.S. Reflection of Relevant Folklore of Valachia, Moldova and Transilvania in the Ideo-Image Level of the «Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines» Video Game
• Petrovich-Belkin O.K., Butorov A.S., Butorova O.M. Russian-Armenian Cooperation in Ensuring Energy Security in the South Caucasus (1991-2021)
• Endryushko A.A. Situational Factors of Cultural Integration of Migrants in Russia (on the Example of Citizens of Azerbaijan)
• Abdusselam Tepe. Turkey's Political and Economic Relations with Iraqi Kurdistan in the Context of the Middle East Foreign Policy Strategy of the Republic of Turkey
• Wang Bo. Reasons for the One Belt, One Road Initiative
• Semenov V.V. Unity in Diversity: Goddesses of the Lingnan Region, Part of Ancient Southest Asia
• Zhang Zixuan. Models of Ethno-Social Integration Regulation in Singapore
• Egemberdyev A.K. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Experience of an Information Policy in Migration
• Khromova A.V. Information Space as a Geopolitical Category of the Global World`S Era

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Sitdikov A.M. Problems of the Organization of Higher Non-Military Training in Civilian Educational Institutions of the USSR in 1930-1938

CONFERENCES

• Syzdykova Zh.S. Festival of Science in the Institute of Asia and Africa MSU

Our authors № 10-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.001

R.I. RAIMOV PhD student Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow, Russia

JADIDISM AND BASMATISM: TRENDS AND CONTRADICTIONS

This article examines one of the most important aspects of the microclimate of Turkestan Islam during the years of Sovietization of Central Asia, as the relationship between the Basmachi and the Jadids. Jadidism originally emerged as a progressive enlightenment and reform movement within Islam. By 1917, it had transformed into a political movement that insisted on an autonomous and all-Russian (and later independent and nationalist) democratic, secular way of development and the future structure of Central Asia. It is noted that from the very beginning, the progressives were actively opposed by the most conservative wing of Turkestan Islam, called "Kadimiya", which defended the traditional, Sharia way. During the years of Sovietization, this confrontation resulted in a struggle with a new force - Basmachism, which arose by 1918 due to a whole set of reasons. It is emphasized that in the relations between the Jadids and the Basmachs they were not representatives of a single camp and did not have unified coordinated goals.

Key words: Jadidism, Basmatism, Islam, Central Asia, Soviets.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.002

T.M. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

A.A. DAHO Candidate of the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences of the Department of History of the Integrated Research Institute named after H.I. Ibragimov of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

Z.A. TESAEV Senior Researcher at the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

E.S. SADULAEV Intern Researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia

ON THE ISSUE OF STUDYING THE ACHKHOYEVO-BAMUT MOUNTAIN-WOODED ZONE OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC

(BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION)

This article is written on the basis of field materials of a historical and ethnographic expedition to the Achkhoyevo-Bamut region of the Chechen Republic. In the course of field work, the toponymic landscape of the specified zone was studied, in particular, the history of the origin of toponyms and their etymology were given, the names of farm settlements laid out in forest clearings for the purpose of economic activity were described. Some toponymic data indicate the ancestral affiliation of the owners. The article presents a rich material on the flora and fauna of the district. A wide range of pottery products shows the pottery production developed for its time, and the mixed composition of the samples also allows for the presence of an underlying layer. It is emphasized that this zone is a historically important place, combining economic and strategic importance.

Key words: Chechen Republic, Achkhoyevo-Bamut zone, toponymy, "Ayset Cemetery", "Burial of a warrior", "Field of Giants", flora and fauna, pottery.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.003

D.V. GUDIMENKO Candidate of Sciences (history), senior researcher of the Sector of political theory, IMEMO RAS, Moscow, Russia

NATIONALISM IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: TYPOLOGIZATION AND WAYS OF MANIFESTATION

The article examines various types of modern nationalism as a phenomenon of political life. It is shown that it can manifest itself in the form of separatism, irredentism, protective reaction to immigration, etc. It is noted that nationalism is often associated with painful reflection and an inferiority complex. The political practice of nationalism inevitably involves discrimination against ethnic minorities and can lead to acute conflicts up to civil wars. The question of the degree of compatibility of nationalism with respect for fundamental democratic principles and human rights remains debatable.

Key words: nationalism, nation, separatism, irredentism, national egoism, xenophobia, terrorism, ethnocracy, revanchism, radicalism.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.004

M.S. BOLOTIN Professor of History of the Ivanteevsky branch of the Moscow Polytechnic University, Moscow, Russia

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL INVESTIGATION IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 1881-1917

At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, there was an increase in public discontent in different strata of society, which required the strengthening of law enforcement activities of the state. Similar conditions are developing now. In the conditions of increasing uncertainty of development and socio-economic tension in modern Russia, the study of best practices in ensuring security and public order can help ensure the preservation of internal order and security in the country. The study of historical experience is primarily based on the historiography of the problem. The article examines in detail the historiography of political investigation in the context of three chronological stages.

Key words: historiography, political investigation, political police, okhrana, security departments.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.005

E.V. BORISOVА Lecturer of the ChU "Crimean College of Economics and Law "; graduate student of Krymsky Engineering and Pedagogical University them. Fevzi Yakubova, Simferopol, Russia

PROBLEMS OF FORESTRY IN THE CRIMEA DURING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET POWER IN NOVEMBER 1920

The article deals with the problems of forestry in the Crimea, facing the Soviet government, and the ways to solve them, when in November 1920, the Soviet government, finally established in the Crimea, urgently considered the issue of protecting forests, stopping deforestation, and delivering fuel by the population.

Key words: forest felling, horse-drawn duty, fuel crisis, Special Fuel Troika, fuel week.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.006

R.A. MALSAGOV Post-graduate student of the Department of History socio-political doctrines of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF MODERN SOCIETY: SECULARIZATION AND DESECULARIZATION

This study is devoted to the examination of two parallel processes in modern society: secularization and de-secularization. Because to globalization, the humanity of the XXI century mostly exists in a single information field: we are all familiar with Hollywood films, Russian classical literature and Eastern poetry. However, can we say that the era of “intercultural confrontation” has come to an end? Not at all, especially taking into account that the religious factor still remains a reason for conflicts, because along with the general trend towards the growth of atheism, we are seeing a completely opposite surge in the activity of radical religious movements, it is this phenomenon that the work will be devoted to.

Key words: secularization, desecularization, multiculturalism, globalization, Arab-Muslim society.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.007

A.V. STOLYAROV Graduate student Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

THE ACTIVITY OF THE CPSU (B) IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN THE "PRE-COLLECTIVE FARM" PERIOD: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF THE 1920S-1930S.

The article attempted to disclose the activities of the CPSU in the Middle Volga region in the pre-farm period, during the period to implement the Leninist plan for co-operating peasant farms. In summarizing the experience of the Communist Party in implementing the Leninist cooperative plan, it is of great importance to study the laws of the socialist transformation of agriculture, which were manifested differently in certain paradise areas of the country. For example, local party organizations had to take into account the national characteristics of the population. In the middle Volga provinces there were national regions inhabited by Tatars, Chuvash, Mordovians. There were significantly fewer communists in them than in areas with a predominant Russian population, which created additional difficulties.

Key words: CPSU, village, collective farm, cooperative plan, socialism, small-scale production, cooperation, NEP, peasants, Soviet power.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.008

A.A. SHADYSHKOV Post-graduate student of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

LABOR ACTIVITY OF THE PEASANTRY MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN THE PERIOD OF DEVELOPED SOCIALISM: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL VIEW

This article attempts to identify some trends in the study of the labor activity of the peasantry of the Middle Volga region during the period of developed socialism in the historical literature published in 1965-1975. The literature published mainly in the autonomous republics is analyzed, since familiarity with these publications gives reason to note that the greatest attention of researchers was paid to such issues as identifying factors affecting the growth of labor activity of the peasantry, the forms of its appearance and its impact on the development of agriculture. The sources note in a complex system of factors that determine the growth of labor activity, the decisive role of the material and technological working conditions of the peasantry. The researchers paid special attention to such simple resources of the CPSU policy as "non-material stimulation" of workers of state farms and collective farmers, to the agitation of positive examples of leaders, heroes of labor and collectives.

Key words: Village, collective farm, state farm, peasantry, agrarian history, labor, agro-industrial integration.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.009

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW

(PART THIRTEEN)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.010

V.A. DANILOV PhD in History, associate professor of RUDN University, the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

E.V. DANILOVA PhD in History, associate professor of RUDN University, the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN AND CHINESE VECTOR OF TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE

The article deals with the problems of interaction between Western countries in the Russian and Chinese directions. The chronological framework is determined by the current process of forming the policy of Western states in relation to the Russian Federation and the PRC, as well as the existing difficulties on this path.

According to the author, the foreign policy course of the leadership of the United States and the EU since the second half of the XX century has been focused on an active international policy in promoting their interests. Meanwhile, the development of the situation in the world over the past 20 years has significantly changed the geopolitical alignment and the role of world powers in civilizational development. There is no doubt about the economic breakthrough of the People's Republic of China and the country's entry into the leaders of world development. The restoration of Russia's political and economic positions is progressing steadily, with a stable prospect of reaching the level of influence on the world processes of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that all parties will strive to find ways of geopolitical balance. At the same time, the outcome of the confrontation between the superpowers will determine the role and place of each of them for the next 30-50 years.

Key words: the United States, the European Union, Russia, China, NATO, transatlantic cooperation, international relations.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.011

ASSI ABED EL RAHIM Graduate student, Khetagurov North Ossetian State Universit, Vladikavkaz, Russia

DEFINITION OF THE POLITICAL IMAGE

In this article, we will consider the history of image formation, how the image created by the chief state affects the behavior of his subordinates persons. The image of a politician, its construction, maintenance, management and promotion are one of the main components of the effectiveness of influence on audience. In the image, what is expedient is successful – it ensures progress towards the goal, reflects the event for improving the image, and prmotes intensive possession of information with predictable reaction to it.

Key words: image formation, image policy, imageology, image management, image of a politician.

POLITICAL REGIONALISM AND ETHNOPOLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.012

M.M. GADZHIEV Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences of Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia

THE MAIN FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF ETHNO-POLITICS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION: HISTORICAL CONTINUITY AND MODERN IMPLEMENTATION

In this article, the author refers to the actual topic of modern Russian inter-ethnic relations in the Northern Caucasus. The main factors and peculiarities of interethnic relations in the North Caucasus is scrutinized. The purpose of the study is to identify the key factors in the formation of inter-ethnic relations in the North Caucasian region in the context of its political and cultural development. The paper is based on the application of the principles of neo-institutionalism and comparative analysis. Particular attention is paid to such an important issue as the specifics of administrative and territorial division of the North Caucasus and its impact on international relations in the region. It also discusses the risks of international relations caused by the intensification of religious extremists in the national republics of the North Caucasus. The author proceeds from the assumption that ethno-political measures are subordinated to the goals of stabilizing inter-ethnic relations in a transitional society, such as post-Soviet Russia.

Key words: North Caucasus, ethnic relations, ethnicity, continuity, elites, religious fundamentalism, national republics.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.013

A.A. TUSHKOV Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

A.P. ALEKHINA Bachelor of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

D.A. ZHIVOTOVA Bachelor of the Department of International Relations and Law of the Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia

SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE OF VUKA - WORLD: THE PROBLEM OF INCLUSIVITY OR A TOOL OF WESTERN TECHNOLOGIES?

In this article, the authors analyze the global changes that is taking place in the «crumbling world» – unstable, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world. The main direction of authors research is Southeast Asia, where fundamental world problems are concentrated today. In addition, during COronaVIrus Disease 2019 billions of people were sent to isolation, the world economy plunged into a full-scale crisis, and most international institutions were devalued. And it makes the situation particularly acute. The international community has not made any effective attempts to coordinate international efforts to get out of this full-scale crisis. To date, an effectively functioning international order based on global governance has not been created, while the system has occupied a new attractor.

Key words: VUKA – world, COrona VIrus Disease 2019, «the crumbling world», Southeast Asia, NATO, ASEAN, AUKUS, the concept of a «Free and open Indo-Pacific region», the concept of «Co-society of the common destiny of mankind».

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.014

G.M. SIDOROVA Doctor of Political Science, Professor of the Department of Diplomacy and Consular Service of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

R.N. SHANGARAEV Ph.D. (Economic Sciences), Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration in Foreign Policy of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AFRICAN VECTOR OF CONTEMPORARY TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY

Turkey's penetration into Africa is a popular topic in media publications and scientific research. Neo-Ottomanism, imperialism – this is how international think tanks and journalists characterize Ankara's actions on the continent. After Erdogan came to power, Turkey's foreign policy expanded to the African continent, which has never happened in the history of the republic. The intensification of the activity of the Turks at the present stage raises many questions not only about what impact this will have on economic and political processes, but also causes great concern for security. Military intervention, the operation of private military companies, interference in internal political processes, support for radical Islamist groups have become the subject of UN reports, as well as a reason for disagreements with the countries of Africa and Europe.

Key words: Turkey, Africa, strategic partnership, foreign policy, UN.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.015

S.M. PLIEV Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia

L.T. KULUMBEGOVA Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia

I.B. SANAKOEV Ph.D., Professor of the Department of Political Science and Sociology, South Ossetian State University, Tskhinval, Republic of South Ossetia

N.G. SMOLIK Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN, Moscow, Russia

SOFT POWER AS A NEW SYSTEM FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN POLICY INTERESTS

Today, one of the main instruments of influence in the foreign policy of subjects of international relations is soft power, but there is not always a clear idea of what it is and how it works. This article discusses theoretical approaches to the concept of soft power and its main mechanisms. The general tools of soft power and hard power are considered. This paper focuses on the comparison of soft power and propaganda approaches. The author's definition of the concept of "soft power" is given. The possibilities of methods and strategies of soft power are analyzed from the point of view of the attractiveness of its potential and resources. It was revealed that this concept cannot fully explain the foreign policy of states that use soft power technologies in order to increase their influence on socio-political processes in countries falling under their sphere of interests.

Key words: soft power, propaganda, "Step to a Better Future", coercive mechanisms, Georgia, Republic of South Ossetia.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.016

D.V. PIKALOV Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

V.S. PIKALOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

O.S. MAKAROVA Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

REFLECTION OF RELEVANT FOLKLORE OF VALACHIA, MOLDOVA AND TRANSILVANIA IN THE IDEO-IMAGE LEVEL OF THE «VAMPIRE: THE MASQUERADE – BLOODLINES» VIDEO GAME

This article is devoted to the analysis of mythologemes and eternal images of mystical creatures – strigoi in the current folklore of the peoples of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. The relevance of the research topic lies in the need for a private study of Romanian mythology in aspects of demonology and myths about mystical creatures. Of particular interest are the little-studied characters of Romanian myths reflected in modern media discourse. On the example of the video game «Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines», one can gather a number of information to establish the continuity of the cultural traditions of myths and fairy tales in the products of media culture. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibility of using the materials of the work for further study of Romanian myths and folklore. In the methodological aspect, the results of the research can be used as actualization in the lessons on «World Art Culture» at school, as well as in the classroom on cultural disciplines at a higher educational institution. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a comprehensive analysis of the mythological essence of the strigoi vampires in two sources – folklore, Romanian mythology and the lore of the video game «Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines». A new look at the ideological and imaginative component of the mythical creature of the strigoi is reflected in the mythological tradition, actualized by the authors – developers of the video game. The purpose of the research is to analyze the inheritance of Romanian mythological traditions in describing strigoi using the example of folklore and the ideological level of the video game «Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines». The result of the research was the study of all the key mythologemes and eternal images associated with popular beliefs, omens, folklore of the peoples of Wallachia, Moldova and Transylvania on the example of the stable connections of myths in the video game «Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines».

Key words: mythology, folklore, tradition, creativity, clan, vampire, strigoi.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.017

O.K. PETROVICH-BELKIN PhD in History, associate professor at the Department of theory and history of international relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

A.S. BUTOROV PhD in History, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

O.M. BUTOROVA Senior Lecturer of the Department of Foreign Languages, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIAN-ARMENIAN COOPERATION IN ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS (1991-2021)

This article examines the dynamics of Russian-Armenian cooperation in the energy sphere in 1991-2021. The authors identify the main prerequisites for the formation of the energy dialogue between Russia and Armenia and analyze the degree of relevance of this direction of interaction for both parties. The legal framework for Russian-Armenian cooperation in the energy sector is also examined in detail. The article identifies four key areas for collaboration between Russia and Armenia in the energy sector. The authors conclude that the energy partnership between Russia and Armenia is an extremely important factor in ensuring the energy security of the entire South Caucasus, as well as one of the most important elements of economic integration in the Eurasian space.

Key words: Russia, Armenia, energy cooperation, energy security, energy diplomacy, energy trade.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.018

A.A. ENDRYUSHKO Junior Research Fellow of the Center for the Study Interethnic Relations, Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russia

SITUATIONAL FACTORS OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CITIZENS OF AZERBAIJAN)

The article examines the situational factors of the integration of migrants in the cultural sphere. The study is based on semi-formalized interviews with migrants from Azerbaijan in Moscow and the Moscow region, as the region that receives the most numerous flows of labor migrants. Based on the research approaches of European scientists (R. Penninx, H. Entzinger), cultural integration is considered as one of the most important spheres, along with political, legal and socio-economic. It is shown that migrants from Azerbaijan, being «visible minorities» and «objects of unwanted presence», assess relations with Russians in a positive way, and also see themselves as a part of the host society, based on getting used to life in it. Plans to return to the country of origin are not very common for them, the desire to «settle» in Russia looks like a more acceptable strategy, especially among long-term migrants.

Key words: migration, integration of migrants, migrants from Azerbaijan, cultural integration, transnational connections of migrants.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.019

ABDUSSELAM TEPE Postgraduate student Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, General Director of Sellona LLC, Moscow, Russia

TURKEY'S POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH IRAQI KURDISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MIDDLE EAST FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

Over the past ten years, the Middle East has been occupying a special place in the foreign policy strategy of the Republic of Turkey. During the Arab revolutions, the Turkish leadership began to actively take an interest in the affairs of the region in order to create a Turkish sphere of influence there. Within the framework of Turkey's Middle East policy, Iraq and especially the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan occupy a special place. The particular importance of this region for Turkey is due to several factors. First, the necessity to ensure the security of the Turkish borders. Second, it helps to influence the political situation in Iraq. Third, Iraqi Kurdistan, with its oil and gas resources, plays a significant role in the Turkish government's plans to turn Turkey into an energy hub of the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Fourth, this region is a lucrative market for Turkish companies.

Key words: Turkey, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq, USA, foreign policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.020

WANG BO Graduate student, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

REASONS FOR THE ONE BELT, ONE ROAD INITIATIVE

Since ancient times in China there was the so-called Silk Road, the idea of its revival was expressed by the head of China in 2013. At the first stage, the idea was based on the creation of transport corridors between China and the western part of Europe, which is the main consumer of Chinese products, later the proposal to form a sea route was put forward. It is worth noting that the reference to the historical silk road is not accidental, the currently used routes basically repeat the historical caravan routes. Skepticism about the Chinese initiative on the part of many countries, over time, has been replaced by the understanding that the program is able to change the balance of power in the political and political arena. In this article we will examine the reasons for the initiative under consideration.

Key words: China, Belt and Road, Russia, interaction.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.021

V.V. SEMENOV Postgraduate student of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

UNITY IN DIVERSITY: GODDESSES OF THE LINGNAN REGION, PART OF ANCIENT SOUTHEST ASIA

The article deals with the formation and development of polytheistic traditions in the Lingnan region – part of ancient Southeast Asia. The author explores the issues of cultural interaction between the Han ethnic group and the autochthonous population of Southern and Southeastern China. A detailed description of the religious beliefs of the ethnic groups living in this territory is given.

Key words: ancient Southeast Asia, Lingnan region, interregional beliefs, sub-regional beliefs, minor beliefs, ethnic minorities, religious worship, natural elements.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.022

ZHANG ZIXUAN Postgraduate student studying political regionalism and ethnopolitics at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, China

MODELS OF ETHNO-SOCIAL INTEGRATION REGULATION IN SINGAPORE

As an independent modern island city-state in Southeast Asia, Singapore is at the intersection of ethnic, cultural and religious diversity. Ethnic diversity is the main characteristic of Singaporean society. Singapore's independence, the country's complex ethnic history and the dangerous geopolitical environment surrounding it have become a major challenge that Singapore has faced since its founding. However, after more than half a century of development, Singapore has evolved from an island country devoid of resources to a modern city-state with developed economy and coherent ethnic groups. The Singapore government utilizes multiculturalism to shape the national identities of several ethnic groups and a series of pragmatic strategies to break the segregation of the various ethnic groups formed in colonial times. How Singapore government manages ethnic differences, implements ethno-social integration, which becomes the subject of our analysis in this paper.

Key words: Singapore, Ethnic issues, Ethno-social integration models, State housing policy, Language policy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.023

A.K. EGEMBERDYEV Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE EXPERIENCE OF AN INFORMATION POLICY IN MIGRATION

This article is devoted to experience of helping for citizens of Kyrgyz Republic in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A structure of communication, which used by embassy of Kyrgyzstan, public organizations and migrants, is considered. The task of high importance was fulfilled, and this experience is valuable and useful for development of the state information policy in migration.

Key words: migration, Kyrgyzstan, information, communication, pandemic.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.024

A.V. KHROMOVA Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

INFORMATION SPACE AS A GEOPOLITICAL CATEGORY OF THE GLOBAL WORLD`S ERA

The 21st century is fairly called the «century of information technologies», which came with advanced communications equipment and transcontinental communications. One of the consequences of technological progress is the influence of the territorial factor, which was one of the key factors at the dawn of the formation of the geopolitics. In the fact, the territorial factor is beginning to weaken. At the same time, economic, cultural and informational factors that form the corresponding spaces are increasingly involved in geopolitical processes.

Thus, the relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the information factor acts as an important determinant of the dynamics of geopolitical processes.

Key words: information space, information space structure, geopolitics, territory, information factor, global world.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.025

A.M. SITDIKOV Master's student of the Department of History of Russia Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER NON-MILITARY TRAINING IN CIVILIAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE USSR IN 1930-1938

The article is devoted to the organization of non-military training of students in civilian educational institutions in the 1930s in the USSR and based on a wide database of sources, including archival ones from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). The author sets the task to analyze the nature of the real and potential costs of the structural and functional mechanism of the training process, contradictions not only in its socio-pedagogical essence, but also in the socio-ideological and political component. Based on the materials of the inspectors' reports, the most typical shortcomings in the organization of non-military training were identified. At the same time, the reasons for their occurrence are being clarified in the work. The article concludes that there were serious shortcomings in the training of reservists of the Red Army, which were still not fatal.

And whatever the costs of the process under consideration, they turned out to be the least evil and serious provision of reserves and strengthening the power of the country, its armed forces in those specific historical conditions when organizing compulsory military service and creating a new type of regular army in the USSR.

Key words: military training, Stalinism, the Great Patriotic War, the pre-war period, the Red Army.

CONFERENCES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.79.10.026

ZH.S. SYZDYKOVA Doctor of History, Professor, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, head Department of Central Asia and the Caucasus Moscow, Russia

FESTIVAL OF SCIENCE IN THE INSTITUTE OF ASIA AND AFRICA MSU

• Print
• Email

Scientific Journal “Issues of National and Federative Relations”. Volume 11. Issue 9 (78), 2021

CONTENTS

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

• Shavlaeva T.M., Dakho A.A., Tesaev Z.A., Bersanova Z.Kh.-A. Nakhcha-Korta: in the Footsteps of the Past Centuries (Results of the First Stage of Historical and Ethnographic Expedition)
• Ushmaeva K.A., Golubov M.A., Volodkova E.N., Goncharov A.S. Spiritual Culture of the Stavropol Cossacks in the Second Half of the XX Century
• Gataullina I.A. Professional Identity of Computer Developers in the USSR: an Attempt of Historical and Sociological Analysis
• Smirnova Yu.V. Modern Historiography of Perestroika
• Bulatov I.A. Sites of Memory of the Russian Emigration in the 1930s on the Example of Manchuria
• Lysenko Yu.M. Charitable Organizations and Charity in Dagestan: History and Modernity
• Pokasov V.F., Anuprienko I.A., Malyavina G.I., Goncharov A.S. Sociocultural Aspect of the Cossacks Revival in Stavropol Region in the Second Half of the XX Century
• Topunova I.R. Implementation of the Concept of the Socialist Project in the Agricultural Sector in the First Years of Soviet Power
• Temchuk E.I. The Phenomenon of the Russian «Reconquista» in Russian History
• Grekov M.V. Activity of Representatives of the Russian Geographical Society in the Caucasus During the Period from 1845 to 1872
• Mitrofanova A.A. Socialist Competitions of Ulyanovsk Pharmaceutical Workers During the Great Patriotic War

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

• Boltenkova L.F. The Bible as a Source of Law (Part Twelve)

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

• Tsvetkova O.V. Subnational Political Space of the Russian Federation
• Osipov A.V. Political Parties as Problem Cluster of Consolidation of Political Power of Modern Russia

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

• Pavlov A.E., Krivova A.L., Afonin M.V. The Institute of Tax Benefits as a Tool to Stimulate Unconventional Oil Production in the Russian Federation: Efficiency Assessment

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

• Topal N.M. Development of International Legislative Practice on the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage in the Mid-Twentieth Century
• Gekht A.B. At the Origins of the Wallenberg Family’s Financial and Industrial Group: the Key Aspects of A.O. Wallenberg’s Biography
• Nechay E.E. Symbolic State Policy in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Case of Russia
• Kolpakov K.O. Humanitarian Activities of International Youth Organizations: History, Evolution, Prospects
• Merkulov A.L. The Problems of Foreign Policy and Security Policy of Germany
• Egemberdyev A.K. Means and Methods of Communications Among Labor Migrants from Kyrgyzstan
• Sergeeva M.N. Formation of a Bridge Between China and South Africa in International Relations
• Turanskii M.M. Ethnic Question as One of the Reasons for the Decay of Yugoslavia
• Bulva V.I. Russia and the EU: Cyber Cooperation or Cyber Confrontation?
• Mansur Daria Numman. Some Soft Power Mechanisms in Russian Diplomacy in the Last Decade

STUDENT SCIENCE

• Pakhomova D.A. Military Presence as a Means of US Foreign Policy Enforcement in the Middle East in 21st Century: the Case of US-UAE Relations
• Khvaley A.A. Women and Children as Subject and Object of "Information Jihad" (on the Example of the Propaganda Campaign of the "Islamic State")

Our authors № 9-2021

DOMESTIC HISTORY, ETHNOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.001

Т.М. SHAVLAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

А.А. DAKHO Postgraduate student working for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences at the Complex Scientific Research Institute named after H.I. Ibragimov of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

Z.А. TESAEV Senior Researcher at the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

Z.KH.-А. BERSANOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, leading researcher at the Institute of Humanitarian Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Chechen Republic, Grozny, Russia

NAKHCHA-KORTA: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF THE PAST CENTURIES (RESULTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION)

The article summarizes the first results of the reconnaissance work carried out within the framework of the historical and ethnographic expedition, in order to collect field material, as well as other information, on the peaks of Nakhcha-Korta and Giala-Korta. The peaks are located on the border of Achkhoy-Martanovsk and Sernovodsk Districts of the Chechen Republic and are part of a large mountain-wooded zone. It is established that these objects, judging by the lifted material, ethnographic information and data from literary and written sources, served to strengthen the area. In addition, economic activity was well established at the top of the Nakhcha-Korta. Evidence of the existence of stone buildings and sentinel structures was traced. Etymologically transparent toponymy indicates farm settlements and agricultural work. The abundance of slag and pottery shards shows a wide range of kitchen, dining and household utensils. It is noted that as a result of the military actions that took place on the peaks in 1995-1996 the cultural layer was irreparably destroyed, and a significant damage was inflicted upon the forest area.

Key words: Chechen Republic, Nakhcha-Korta, GIala-Korta, variability, potsherds, toponymy, settlement, farmstead, clearing, cultural layer.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.002

K.A. USHMAEVA Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

M.A. GOLUBOV Candidate of Legal Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

E.N. VOLODKOVA Candidate of Historical Sciences, associate professor Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF THE STAVROPOL COSSACKS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

This article is devoted to the study of the culture of the clergy and Cossacks of the Stavropol Territory, its development and evolution in the second half of the XX century. The relevance of the research topic lies in the need for a more detailed study of the structure and functioning of the Stavropol Theological Seminary, as well as the peculiarities of the interaction of the Stavropol clergy and the Cossacks. Of particular interest are both cultural and organizational aspects of the seminary's activities. The practical significance of the study is due to the possibility of using the materials of the work in the further study of the spiritual culture of the Stavropol Territory on the example of the work of cultural, educational and spiritual institutions. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a new approach to the analysis of the cultural integration of spiritual and Cossack institutions in the Stavropol region. The interaction of the Stavropol Theological Seminary with Cossack organizations took place within the framework of supporting folk traditions, developing interest among young people in the spiritual heritage of the region. During the study, we used the following methods. General scientific: interpretation, analysis and synthesis of data, inductive method, comparison, juxtaposition. Special-historical methods: historical-comparative method, historical-systemic method, problem-chronological method and retrospective method. Sociological methods: document analysis, method of summarizing characteristics. Based on the totality of the methods used, we adhere to a sociocultural approach. The result of the study was the definition of the role of the House of Officers, the Stavropol Cossack Host, the Stavropol City Union of Cossacks and the Stavropol Regional Cossack Union in cooperation with the Stavropol Theological Seminary and the revival of spiritual culture in the region. In particular, the organizational, cultural, educational, educational and educational goals of interaction between the clergy and the Cossacks in the Stavropol Territory in the second half of the XX century were determined.

Key words: Stavropol, spiritual culture, Orthodoxy, tradition, seminary, activities, Cossacks.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.003

I.А. GATAULLINA Professor at the Chair of sociology, political science and management, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev (KAI), Kazan, Russia

PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPERS IN THE USSR: AN ATTEMPT OF HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The research is focused on the process of forming a professional identity that creates new knowledge about the community, which has become a special area of collective in the USSR. The basis of the analysis of individual identities is memories and interviews that reveal the biographies of employees of the Kazan Computer Factory, entry into the profession, its markers, significance and social functions. Surveys of students reveal the attitude to the profession from the point of view of the image of the Soviet engineer, as well as the priorities of the younger generation, their vision of problems in the field of IT. Belonging of people to the same professional group, both established and entering the profession, outlines alternative models of social behavior, and, accordingly, identities that form different vectors of social development.

Key words: computer, professional identity, IT sphere.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.004

YU.V. SMIRNOVA Ph.D. (History), associate professor, Moscow City University professor of the department of History of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF PERESTROIKA

In the context of global changes and crisis phenomena, an increased interest of the scientific community in researching the experience of managing socio-economic transformations in order to analyze successes and mistakes has resumed. Among the most studied pages of world history, interest in Perestroika in the USSR, which changed the world, continues unabated.

The purpose of this study is to determine the key patterns and contradictions in the existing historiographic coverage of the Perestroika processes by domestic and foreign scientists.

The research methodology is based on a comparative historiographic analysis of the latest Russian and foreign sources on the issues of Perestroika. The main material for the study was the publications of domestic and foreign scientists in 2016-2021, where the problems of Perestroika are considered. The comparative method of cognition was used, involving a comparative historical study.

The carried out historiographic analysis of domestic and foreign studies of Perestroika showed that a lot has been done over the past 30 years to study its history. At the same time, the main key regularities of the historiographic process of the coverage of Perestroika are associated with the statement in many works of the global aspect of the significance of this historical event for the development of the world and Russia. At the same time, the assessment of Perestroika as a historical phenomenon remains an important contradiction in historiography. Many Russian historians assess it more negatively than their foreign counterparts.

It can be concluded that perestroika has not achieved what it had hoped for. Perestroika was the last attempt to solve the accumulated economic and social problems, as well as a way to save the position of the USSR both inside the country and abroad. Despite this attempt to restructure, re-evaluate and transform socialism, perestroika left no chance for the continued existence of the USSR. However, it gave a chance to move to a new stage of democratic development of the country and society.

Key words: national historiography, foreign historiography, reason of restructuring, innovative thinking, political transformation, revolution of elite, disintegration and crisis of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.005

I.A. BULATOV Candidate of History, Associate Professor, Department of History and Cultural Studies Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia

SITES OF MEMORY OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRATION IN THE 1930S ON THE EXAMPLE OF MANCHURIA

Memorial places play an important role in the formation of collective memory and group identity. So, any group that constructs its identity needs such places. This is also true for the Russian emigration of the "first wave". After being expelled from Russia, the refugees lost access to the traditional mnemonic places located in Russia, and were forced to create new ones. In the article, based on the material of Harbin and the KVZhD district in the 1930s, it will be considered how such objects were formed and what symbolic meaning was put into them. In methodological terms, the work is based on the concept of "Sites of memory", developed by Pierre Nora. Within the framework of this theory, memorial objects and practices are considered as attempts to manage the past from the present. By giving symbolic meaning to cemeteries and monuments, emigrants formed the image of the past that best allowed them to form their own identity. At the same time, although the new identity often turned to the images of the past, it also required new heroes who better met the requirements of the day, which was also fixed in new places of memory. The specifics of the situation had to add up to two types of" places of memory", dedicated to the imperial military history (the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War) and the revolution and the Civil War. Most often, such places were burials, and less often monuments. These objects were used to consolidate the white-immigrant identity, which combined Russian imperial nationalism with radical anti-communism.

Key words: Russian Emigration, Sites of Memory, Manchukuo, Harbin, Mulin Station, NORR, M. Rudykh.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.006

YU.M. LYSENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Makhachkala, Russia

CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND CHARITY IN DAGESTAN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

This article is devoted to the study of the experience of charitable organizations in the Republic of Dagestan at the end of the XX-XXI century. The article examines the activities of philanthropists in providing material and spiritual assistance to citizens of Dagestan who find themselves in a difficult life situation or in need of expensive treatment. The importance of assistance for the needy, orphans, large families undergoing treatment, both religious charitable organizations and those who are not "tied" to religion is noted. The article shows that charitable foundations largely replace the activities of state authorities, are more mobile in providing assistance, while the assistance of social protection agencies, unfortunately, is bureaucratic and many areas of assistance do not fall under the directions of their assistance.

Key words: Dagestan, charity, foundations, Insan, help, orphan.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.007

V.F. POKASOV Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

I.A. ANUPRIENKO Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

G.I. MALYAVINA Candidate of Historical Sciences Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

A.S. GONCHAROV Bachelor, Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute, Stavropol, Russia

SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT OF THE COSSACKS REVIVAL IN STAVROPOL REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main cultural and social reasons and prerequisites for the revival of the Cossacks in the Stavropol Territory. The relevance of the study of the culture of the Stavropol Cossacks lies in the need for a more detailed study of the reasons and prerequisites for the revival of the Cossacks on the example of the Stavropol Territory and its largest Cossack organizations – the Stavropol House of Officers, the Stavropol City Union of Cossacks and the Stavropol Regional Cossack Union. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the reasons and prerequisites for the revival of the Stavropol Cossacks. Many Russian historians, who touched upon the problem of the revival of the Cossacks, studied either the phenomenon of the revival of the Cossack culture as a whole, without singling out separate Cossack groups, or analyzed the activities of the largest organizations in cities such as Moscow, Vladikavkaz, Rostov-on-Don and Orenburg, where the Cossacks had close ties with the Moscow Cossack community. But, since it was the cultural figure of the Stavropol region – V.V. Khodarev initiated the revival of the Cossacks within the entire state, then there is a need to study this phenomenon using the example of the environment in which it originated. The result of this study is the identification of historical and cultural features, as well as the main reasons and prerequisites that influenced the formation of the movement for the revival of the Cossacks in the south of the USSR and Russia.

Key words: Stavropol Cossacks, social stereotype, socio-cultural community, patriotic education, military club, Cossack circle, Cossack games.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.008

I.R. TOPUNOVA Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Policy and Economic Measurements, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE SOCIALIST PROJECT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE FIRST YEARS OF SOVIET POWER

The author considers an actual problem related to the peculiarities of transformations in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy during the economic transformations of the early twentieth century. The article examines the features of agricultural activity both before and after the February and October events of 1917, taking into account the available retrospective data on the agricultural sector of the Russian Empire. The use of a retrospective approach in studying the relevant indicators and parameters of the development of the agricultural sector allows not only to give a more accurate assessment of the changes that have occurred in the Russian agriculture, but also to determine the causes of negative events.

Key words: agricultural sector of the economy, agriculture, land issue.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.009

E.I. TEMCHUK Researcher of the research center of the Military University of the Ministry of Defense, Moscow, Russia

THE PHENOMENON OF THE RUSSIAN «RECONQUISTA» IN RUSSIAN HISTORY

The article traces the long process of Russia's restoration of its ethnographic integrity by analogy with a similar phenomenon in Spanish-Portuguese history. The author chronologically examines the military and diplomatic efforts of the Russian state in the field of returning its historical possessions lost during the period of political fragmentation and foreign invasions and their significance in the fate of the country.

Key words: Collection of Russian lands, Russia, Western Russian principalities, Lithuania, Poland, estates.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.010

М.V. GREKOV Postgraduate student of the Department of Russian History of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

ACTIVITY OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY IN THE CAUCASUS DURING THE PERIOD FROM 1845 TO 1872

The Russian Geographical Society is one of the oldest public geographical organizations in the world and the first organization of its kind in Russia. Since the foundation of the society in 1845, many geographical studies and surveys have been conducted in different regions of our country. Over time, there was a gradual expansion of the range of research work carried out, its regional specifics and characteristic features inherent in individual territories and districts were determined. In the case of the territory of the North Caucasus, the foreseen goal was also the integration and development of this region as part of the Russian Empire. The reason for the increase in the functional load in the context of the considered area was the fact that the formation of the society coincided with the beginning of the last stage of the Caucasian War. In this connection, the issue of integration of new territories was one of the key ones. At the same time, there was an understanding that this work can be carried out most effectively using the public associations being created as a tool, one of which was the Russian Geographical Society. In turn, a significant expansion of the tasks of this organization within the territory under consideration was the reason for the formation of regional differences in the research work of its representatives and obtaining unique experience that contributes to the most effective process of accumulating knowledge and converting it into practical activities.

Key words: Russian Geographical Society, North Caucasus, 1845, activity, representatives, research, features, time factors, development.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.011

A.A. MITROFANOVA Assistant of the Department of History of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Russia

SOCIALIST COMPETITIONS OF ULYANOVSK PHARMACEUTICAL WORKERS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article analyzes the socialist competitions of pharmaceutical workers of the Ulyanovsk interdistrict Pharmacy Management office with pharmaceutical workers from other regions of the Volga region, held during the Great Patriotic War, based on archival material. The author pays special attention to the practice of socialist competition in the production of medical instruments and medicines during the Great Patriotic War, as an important component in increasing labor productivity indicators, and consequently reducing the need of health care institutions and retail pharmacy chains for medical instruments and medicines. The article also pays special attention to the practice of replacing many medicinal products of chemical production with medicinal herbal preparations by popularizing their widespread use among the population and medical workers. The article reveals the experience of our state in finding ways of new solutions to reduce tension in the supply of medicines to medical institutions, as well as methods of rallying the rear part of the population in providing universal assistance to the front, patriotic education of children and youth.

Key words: History of the USSR, the Great Patriotic War, history of medicine, pharmacy, socialist competitions.

HISTORY AND THEORY OF POLITICS

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.012

L.F. BOLTENKOVA Doctor of Sciences (law), Professor, Moscow, Russia

THE BIBLE AS A SOURCE OF LAW

(PART TWELVE)

Based on the second part of Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the author sets the task to show the convergence in the legal systems of the world divine and human principles, while keeping in mind that the beginning of a positive (human, artificial) rights was embedded in the theological stage of civilization. The implementation of this task requires an analysis of various legal concepts in their historical development; the content of the Bible in the context of the norms of human behavior, rules of life (commandments, parables of Jesus Christ, recommendations of the Holy Apostles); regulatory documents of various countries, including Russia, in their historical development.

The article is divided into several parts based on the volume of its content.

Key words: God, divine law, natural law, positive law, Bible, Commandments, philosophers, scientists, lawyers, normative documents, legal concepts.

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.013

O.V. TSVETKOVA Candidate of Political Science, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Russian Politics, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow, Russia

SUBNATIONAL POLITICAL SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Introduction. The subnational political space of the Russian Federation is not unchangeable. From time to time, due to certain political reasons, they change. The lack of a proper concept or strategy for the territorial development of the country's regional system in the Russian Federation determines the relevance of this topic.

Materials and methods. A comparative method was chosen to study the subnational political space.

The results of the study. The results of the study have theoretical and practical significance. The research materials will be useful for studying subnational borders, cross-border relations, as well as for developing measures to develop a strategy for Russia's border policy.

Key words: political space, subnational border, region, federal district.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.014

A.V. OSIPOV Candidate of Political Science, Judge of the Leninsky District Court of Rostov-on-Don, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

POLITICAL PARTIES AS PROBLEM CLUSTER OF CONSOLIDATION OF POLITICAL POWER OF MODERN RUSSIA

The analysis of this article focuses on the phenomenon of a political party (as a substantive and network phenomenon) and the problem of consolidating the political power of modern Russia in the context of the clustering and networking processes of the modern political space. The author points to the theoretical and methodological features of considering the topic, a cluster-network approach (M. Porter, M. Enright, J. Dunning, R. Martin), a conceptual apparatus adequate for the subject of research in the context of socio-technological and socio-political challenges of our time. As a result of the analysis of modern political parties and electoral processes in modern Russia, the author concludes that in recent years there have been radical structural and functional changes in the phenomenon of a political party, new substantive and network actors of political processes, network electoral clusters, new mechanisms of social consolidation and forms of expression of socio-political protest, which should be taken into account when solving the problem of consolidating political power.

Key words: political parties, electoral process, consolidation of political power, cluster-network approach, political technologies, political cluster, network society, actor-network theory, slaktivizm, modern Russia.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND INDUSTRY POLICIES

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.015

А.Е. PAVLOV Leading Engineer of Gazprom TSNIS, Moscow, Russia

А.L. KRIVOVA Lecturer at the Faculty of Humanities, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

М.V. AFONIN PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia

THE INSTITUTE OF TAX BENEFITS AS A TOOL TO STIMULATE UNCONVENTIONAL OIL PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT

In recent years, the volume of oil production in Russia has been constantly growing, often exceeding the planned indicators calculated as part of the favorable development of the industry. However, in such conditions, the problem of reproduction of hydrocarbon reserves (HC) is particularly acute, which causes the need to expand the raw material base of Russia at the expense of individual regions. The reduction of active oil reserves in traditional production areas pushes employees of oil-producing enterprises to explore new areas with a more complex geological structure, search for reserves of production, as well as the development of hard-to-recover reserves. In this regard, more and more attention is being paid to increasing the raw material base of oil at the expense of unconventional hydrocarbon sources. To stimulate the production of unconventional oil, the authorities initiated the introduction of tax incentives, which in the short term led to positive dynamics.

Key words: non-traditional resources, "tax maneuver", preferential tax policy.

THEORY AND HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.016

N.M. TOPAL Senior lecturer Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, Kazan, Russia

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATIVE PRACTICE ON THE PRESERVATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY

The influence of the Roerich Pact on the formation of the international system of protection of historical and cultural monuments in the middle of the twentieth century is considered. The historical events that became prerequisites for the creation of this document are being studied. Attention is paid to the issue of organizational activities that contributed to the signing of the agreement on April 15, 1935. The facts of the consequences of the Roerich Pact are investigated and an attempt is made to establish the relationship between them. The attempt to identify differences and contradictions in the texts of the documents of the Roerich Pact and the Hague Convention of 1954 makes it possible to rethink past events from the point of view of modern researchers. The degree of participation of Soviet specialists in the preparation of the substantive part of this convention is also considered. The significance of the submitted documents in the development of international legislative practice for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage is determined.

Key words: historical and cultural heritage, protection of historical and cultural monuments, the Roerich Pact, the Hague Convention of 1954.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.017

A.B. GEKHT PhD, Associate professor/docent, the Head of department of history and region studies The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

AT THE ORIGINS OF THE WALLENBERG FAMILY’S FINANCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL GROUP: THE KEY ASPECTS OF A.O. WALLENBERG’S BIOGRAPHY

The article deals with the main aspects of André Oscar Wallenberg's biography. He was a great Swedish businessman and a financier during the second half of the nineteenth century. He left a significant mark in the economic and socio-political history of Sweden through active participation in development of this country's financial sector and its industrialization, too. A. O. Wallenberg was a founder of "Stockholms of Enchilda Banken". For a long time this bank played the main role in economic development of not Sweden only, but the whole Nordic region. Also he was the founder of the Wallenberg family empire's industrial part. It still takes its place in Sweden and many other counries even nowadays.

Key words: André Oscar Wallenberg, "Stockholms of Enchilda Banken", Sweden.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.018

Е.Е. NECHAY Candidate of Political Science, Assistant Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Russia, Vladivostok

SYMBOLIC STATE POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF RUSSIA

The rapid development of technology in the second half of the 20th century marked the beginning of the era of instantaneous dissemination of information and, consequently, symbols. Symbolic politics today is one of the most important elements of the legitimization of power in countries with developed systems of political communication. Under these conditions, it is of interest to study how national governments use its tools to overcome the crisis provoked by the spread of the coronavirus COVID-19. This issue is extremely relevant in connection with the need for scientific understanding of the experience of interaction between the authorities and society during a pandemic to create strategies to counter such threats in the future. The aim of this work is to describe the symbolic policy of the state during the period of the spread of coronavirus infection using the example of Russia. The study of the content of official information resources during a pandemic and their impact on society indicates that the use of intuitive and historical and cultural images within the framework of long-term combined communication strategies, although it allows to effectively legitimize the actions of the country's leadership, however, carries risks of desynchronization and distortion of the symbolic space.

Key words: symbolic policy of the state, COVID-19, political communication, symbolic space, communication strategy.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.019

K.О. KOLPAKOV Postgraduate student seeking a scientific degree at the Chair of diplomacy, MGIMO (U) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS: HISTORY, EVOLUTION, PROSPECTS

The article discusses the organization of humanitarian activities in the international space by youth organizations. In modern conditions of globalization, interaction among young people is becoming increasingly important, creating conditions for trends of various directions formed in the international environment. As part of the development of cultural and humanitarian cooperation on the world stage, youth organizations have the opportunity to realize their potential in the humanitarian sphere.

Key words: international youth organizations, humanitarian cooperation, international youth activities, UN, UNESCO.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.020

A.L. MERKULOV PHD of International Relations Nord-West Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

THE PROBLEMS OF FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY POLICY OF GERMANY

Since Germany united, the change of the German role in the European system of security has become if vital importance. However, the German security policy cannot be perceived only in terms of concrete choices and fixed strategies but also in terms of several political dichotomies between NATO and OSCE, and between Washington, Paris and Moscow. The prime goal of Germany in 1900s was so to lead its security policy that to consolidate the process of European integration and to loosen the tension in Europe. In other words, Germany was supposed to lay the foundation for the unite and free Europe.

Key words: republic, foreign policy, economy, priorities, policy of peace.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.021

A.K. EGEMBERDYEV Postgraduate student of the Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

MEANS AND METHODS OF COMMUNICATIONS AMONG LABOR MIGRANTS FROM KYRGYZSTAN

This article is devoted to the question of a structure of communication among the labor migrants from Kyrgyzstan in Russia. This communicative structure appeared in time of several years before in connection with development of communication. An influence of this communicative systems on migration policy of Russia, adaptation and integration of migrants in Russia is called into question.

An influence of mobile Internet in Kyrgyzstan on development of structure of communication among labor migrants is under special attention.

Key words: labor migration, communication, Internet, adaptation.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.022

М.N. SERGEEVA Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia

FORMATION OF A BRIDGE BETWEEN CHINA AND SOUTH AFRICA IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Paying tribute to the importance of South Africa as an important source of raw materials and at the same time appreciating its role on the continent and the world as a whole, China has been paying special attention to this country for a long time.

At one time, the Chinese leadership in its official statements criticized the apartheid system, always demanding an end to racism and racial discrimination. Beijing's position on this issue, as well as the moral and material support it provided to the national liberation movement in South Africa, contributed to the growth of its prestige among the participants of the national liberation movement of South Africa.

In the 50s, China provided support to the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC). Regular contacts have been established with this organization: ANC activists visited ChinaFor its part, Beijing did not ignore the memorable anniversaries of the formation of the party; by agreement between the South African Communist Party and the CPC, activists of the national liberation movement of South Africa were sent to China to study.

However, the Sino-Soviet ideological confrontation had a negative impact on the relationship between the PRC and the APK. Guided by the desire to support organizations that competed with those that were considered “pro-Soviet” in Beijing, China focused on helping the Pan-African Congress of Azania (PAK), which broke away from the APK in 1959, whose leaders provided unconditional support to the CPC, including during the tragic events of the “cultural revolution.”

Key words: period, events, support, activists, relationships.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.023

M.M. TURANSKII Postgraduate student, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia

ETHNIC QUESTION AS ONE OF THE REASONS FOR THE DECAY OF YUGOSLAVIA

The Yugoslav conflict, which led to the disintegration of the federation into 6 independent republics, is a complex, multicomponent conflict. The article examines the influence of ethnic tensions in the region on the process of disintegration of the communist state. The idea is put forward that ethnic problems are not a direct cause of the conflict, but can serve as an effective tool for political elites to pursue nationalist policies.

Key words: ethnic conflicts, Balkans, countries of the former Yugoslavia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.024

V.I. BULVA Expert of the Center for International Information Security, Science and Technology Policy, MGIMO, Moscow, Russia

RUSSIA AND THE EU: CYBER COOPERATION OR CYBER CONFRONTATION?

The article examines the features of the Russian and European approaches to the problems of international information security, as well as the global initiatives of Russia and the EU in this area. The novelty of the study lies in an attempt to determine the nature of relations between Russia and the European Union in the cybersphere based on the analysis of such parameters as the comparability of approaches to defining threats, the elimination of which could become the subject of interaction, the coincidence of basic principles with respect to resolving a certain cybersecurity problem, the presence of a complementary nature among Russian and European initiatives in the international arena.

Key words: cyber strategy, OEWG, GGE, rules of responsible behavior.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.025

MANSUR DARIA NUMMAN Assistant at the Chair of foreign languages, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia

SOME SOFT POWER MECHANISMS IN RUSSIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE LAST DECADE

In the modern world, diplomatic activity has ceased to be the exclusive prerogative of the state and success in the international arena largely depends on the joint actions of state and non-state structures. To achieve their goals, states widely use the policy of "soft power" and involve the media, digital technologies, and non-state structures. success in the international arena largely depends on the joint actions of state and non-state structures. There are up to 55 thousand international non-governmental organizations in the world, the activity of which takes possession of many spheres, and since the end of the 20th century even the sphere of security. The ever-increasing globalization leads to a change in the environment in which modern diplomacy operates, to the formation of new opportunities, to the development of ties between countries, this is especially evident in the example of the modern economy, in the example of international economic relations, when we observe an increase in the volume of economic ties.

Key words: "soft power", globalization, public diplomacy, information technology, mass media.

STUDENT SCIENCE

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.026

D.A. PAKHOMOVA Master in International Relations, MGIMO, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russia

MILITARY PRESENCE AS A MEANS OF US FOREIGN POLICY ENFORCEMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST IN 21ST CENTURY: THE CASE OF US-UAE RELATIONS

The United States is the strongest outside actor in the Middle East who develops ties with states of the region in both politico-economic and military fields, with the latter often serving as the basis for US relations with regional states. As the world`s largest and the Middle East`s most influential arms exporter, the US is interested in enhancement of its military presence as well as its regional allies` military forces development. What is more, the Middle Eastern allies sometimes give their assistance to the US troops involved in various conflicts using weapons and military machines previously supplied by the US itself. Increasing military and technical cooperation is the main driver for development of political and ecomonic dialogue between the US and Middle Eastern states, with binding the advanced weapons systems supplies and political concessions or ambitious economic projects being a quite successful strategy. US-UAE relations, in particular, amid the 2020 events (meaning normalization of ties between Israel and the UAE, Bahrein, Morocco and Sudan with US mediation) show the model US interaction with Middle Eastern partners. Close US-UAE ties push the UAE to make political moves previously unseen in the Arab world while seeking to obtain the most advanced American weapons. The US gets new opportunities to boost its force and economic posture in the region as well as indirectly strengthen position of Israel, its main and closest Middle Eastern ally.

Key words: the Middle East, the USA, the UAE, military and technical coopeartion, US military presence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), UAE-Israel normalization.

DOI 10.35775/PSI.2021.78.9.027

A.A. KHVALEY Master’s student at the Department of Political Science of the East in the Institute of Asian and African Studies of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

WOMEN AND CHILDREN AS SUBJECT AND OBJECT OF "INFORMATION JIHAD" (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN OF THE "ISLAMIC STATE")

Since the end of the twentieth century and the intensification of radical, including Islamist, sentiments in many regions of the world, the Internet and the media have been actively used by extremist and terrorist groups for propaganda and recruitment purposes. However, in the last decade, it is increasingly not about propaganda as such, but about a full-scale information war unleashed by radical elements against those ideologies, social models and states as a whole which they oppose. In the case of Islamic extremism, information battles have become another kind of "jihad" on a par with the "jihad of the sword". Just as women and children have begun to take part in the "jihad of the sword" as the social base and target audience of Islamic extremists expanded, they are gradually becoming an integral part of the new "information jihad". This article aims to highlight and analyze the role of women and children as subject and object of information war, their participation in promoting radical ideas and building the image of extremist and terrorist groups.

Key words: radicalism, extremism, ideology, propaganda, information warfare.